Interview for Kosice Today about language learning

Polyglot Vladimir Skultety: Motivation is the key

He listens to news broadcasts in foreign languages daily and simultaneously translates them into Slovak or other languages for practice.

He is 31 years old, was born and grew up in Kosice, Slovakia, has lived in several countries and for the last five years in Taiwan. Vladimir Skultety has a Master’s degree in International relations and a Bachelor’s degree in Chinese studies. He currently works as a translator and interpreter of Chinese, English and Slovak. Czech not included, he can speak 10-11 foreign languages. Polyglot (Greek polys – many, a lot; glotta – language) – a person speaking several languages.

‘It is difficult to express the number of languages I speak with a number, because I speak some of them better and some of them not so well. If you are familiar with the A1-C2 language proficiency scale (A1 basic conversational abilities – C2 near native speaker abilities), in my life I have spoken about 8 – 9 languages at a C1-C2 level’ says Vladimir Skultety.

When it comes to individual languages he can speak, he has provided us with a list starting with the ones he speaks best: Slovak (Czech), English, Chinese (Mandarin), German, Hungarian, Italian, Russian, Spanish, French, Polish, Portuguese and Farsi (Iranian, Persian).

‘I have studied other languages as well (Japanese, Romanian, Dutch, Serbian, Cantonese (language of Hong Kong and surrounding area), Hokkien (southern Chinese dialect), but I never reached more than basic fluency in any of them.

You have to have a correct mindset

How to learn a language if a person does not grow up in a multilingual environment? ‘Simply put, I think the most important thing is motivation. If a person learns just because he or she has to, the learning process will be very difficult, regardless of whether that person is talented or not. It is also important to spend time with the language consistently and regularly. Read, write, listen, speak and review regularly. Without one’s active approach to language learning, the language will simply not be learned. It also greatly depends, which foreign language a person is learning. If we, as Slovaks would like to learn Serbian, it would be a loss of time to use textbooks and it would be much more effective to try and use the language right away. Speak, read books, newspapers, chat with someone online, listen to news broadcasts or radio/TV interviews. What if we want to learn Chinese for instance? ‘I’m hesitating with the answer, because on one hand it is not a bad idea to use textbooks, which explain rules of the Chinese grammar, but on the other hand, since Chinese is so hard and different and there are so many rules that need to be learned, the student will simply get completely lost in them. I also think, that most of the complicated of rules are impossible to explain, one must simply understand and ‘feel’ them and it is thus ironically more effective to absorb the language naturally, as with easier languages, without the use of textbooks. As far as learning a language in a monolingual environment goes, almost everything a student needs can be found online –audio, movies, books, newspaper, language exchange partners...”

Internet is of great help

If you want to speak two or three languages well, it greatly depends on the type of languages you choose to learn. If these languages are closely related, the hardest one to learn will be the first language from this or that particular language group. “For each next language from the same language group, it might be enough to read a lot, regularly listen to news broadcasts or other audio material and use the language as often as possible, whether orally or in a written form, until one understands how the language works. If a person is learning several languages at the same time and these languages are very different from one another, the whole language learning process will be much more difficult and learning each new language will be almost as difficult as learning one’s first foreign language.”

When it comes to closely related languages, the whole process is much easier and all that is left to do is to figure out, how these closely related languages differ from the languages one already knows. “A Slovak Person will learn Czech, Polish and even English relatively fast and easily, but Chinese will take that same person years of hard work. A Chinese person from Hong Kongwill learn Mandarin Chinese (a northern Chinese dialect) very fast, but English will take the same person years of hard work. It should be thus relatively easy for us Slovaks to learn any European language, except for those, that don’t belong to the Indo-European language family (Hungarian, Finnish, Bask), if we are well motivated, have good learning conditions and an internet connection.

Is it even possible to maintain several languages at a level high enough so that a person can actually use them for work? “I personally train myself daily by listening to news broadcasts in foreign languages, simultaneously translating them into Slovak, or translating Slovak news into foreign languages. This system is not perfect, but it is good practice.”

A stay abroad will help learn a language faster

A stay in a foreign country where the language one is learning is spoken is of great help. But how long should one stay?

“It depends on the goals one sets out, but in general I think it can be said that if someone would like to learn a language fast and well, a stay abroad is necessary. Mainly with difficult languages, cultural differences play a great role in influencing language difficulty. For instance Chinese changes in quite a complicated way, depending on the person one is talking to – a higher ranked employee, lower ranked employee, older students in school or college ect. The sentence structure and word order changes in a fairly complex manner, which is something that a person cannot learn from a textbook or by talking to one or two foreign friends at home.

When it comes to easier languages, maybe it would be enough to stay in the foreign country for a few months. If the languages are more difficult, it is necessary to stay in the country for several years,” Skultety adds.

New Youtube channel

Hello everyone, 

I have launched a new Youtube channel as a supplement to my blog, where I would like to share some ideas about langauge learning. I'm currently working on the How to write Chinese characters playlist in which you can find videos explanaining in detail how to write Chinese characters. In each video I explain how to write these characters, explain what writing rules apply to them and what details to look out for when writing them in order to write them correctly and give a little background about their structure and history. The characters for these videos were selected based on my character frequency research starting from the most frequent one. You can find more information about my character frequency study here.

In the future, I would like to do more videos like this on Mandarin Chinese pronunciation and other langauges as well. I would also like to record interviews with other fellow language learners and post them on my channel.

Hope you enjoy the channel and if you the videos useful, feel free to subscribe.

Vladimir

Interview with Luca Lampariello

Dear all,

a few weeks ago my good friend Luca Lampariello was kind enough to do an interview with me on his blog and I am very happy to say, that I can now return the favor and do an interview with him in return. Luca is a friend of mine who I met about 3 years ago and based on our mutual passion for foreign languages and I think mutual respect as well, we became good friends. He speaks several languages at a C2 level and has been by many people proclaimed to be one of the best polyglots on youtube – a statement to which I  subscribe.

I was thinking for a while about the topic, that would suit our interview best, since I didn’t want to talk about motivation or general language learning strategies, but rather something more specific, something that would be interesting and useful at the same time. I know very well, that I have lost the capability to acquire a 95-100% native pronunciation in a foreign language, but I think Luca is one of those people that still can do it and since it is something that interests me very much and something I personally can learn a lot from, I decided to ask Luca questions related mainly to his accent acquisition techniques and native-like pronunciation development.

For any further information about Luca and his projects, feel free to visit his blog with a lot of useful information about acquiring correct pronunciation or language learning in general, or take a look at his youtube channel with language instructional videos or videos of Luca speaking several languages. Enjoy.

Hello Luca, could you please introduce yourself and tell us a little bit about your language background and life in general?

I am Italian, and I come from Rome. I was born in a monolingual household and Italian was the only language I had been speaking until the age of 13. I lived in Spain for about 6 months and I currently live in France. During all these years, while acquiring a mainly science based education (I hold a degree in Electronic Engineering), I have been developing a huge passion for languages. I have been “breathing" them in for more than 17 years now. Although I spent most of my life in Rome, I have always managed to create an environment around me where I could listen, read, speak and write the languages that I have been learning over the years. Currently, I am a private language tutor here in Paris (I give lessons both on-line and in person) and I am studying at ISIT in order to become a conference interpreter.

Why did you choose to learn foreign languages and what was the first foreign language you’ve learned?

My family has always put culture to the forefront. My house has always been full of books, and this “cultural turmoil” around me fostered an intellectual curiosity that was channeled towards languages at the ripe age of 13. It was mainly thanks to my grandma and later to my aunt that I started learning languages. I remember that well before learning Latin at high school my grandma had me study it in downtime, while on vacation at the beach house. If from one side my grandma created the background, it was my aunt who sparked my interest for languages by giving me my first book in English. I have never stopped learning languages since then. The very first language I came into contact with was English, followed by French. Two years later, I started learning German as a self-taught learner, at the age of 13. After the first difficulties, I came up with the method that I still use for acquiring languages.

How many languages do you speak and what does it mean for you to really speak a language?

As you yourself know, the term “to speak” is rather unclear and vague, but in general I am not the kind of guy who “dabbles” with languages: once I decide that I am going to start a certain language on day X, I never stop actively learning it, until I reach a level where I can keep fluency. I am very demanding of myself when it comes to “level”, and according to my humble opinion, “really speaking a language” means that one is able to enjoy the language in all its aspects, ranging from reading a book without worries to watching a movie and understanding what is going on, to interacting with native speakers. I think that one interesting test one can do to determine where he/she stands in terms of language proficiency (both active and passive) is to take part at a dinner (or lunch) with native speakers. It is a great opportunity to not only interact, but also witness the interaction among native speakers. I often have lunch with my girlfriend’s parents here in France, and I have come to realize what it means to really “breath” a foreign language in all its aspects. The puns, the cultural and historic references. It is amazing to witness how native speakers manipulate their language. In order to fully grasp all these aspects, books are not enough: one needs people, places and situations.

Which one was the most difficult one and why?

On the spur of the moment, I would say Chinese. But I would add Russian and Swedish. Every language is a world apart and poses various difficulties depending on our mother tongue. As a “Westerner”, Chinese poses a number of problems: in the first stage of learning, the most obvious are Chinese characters and tones (which are made to be even more difficult by traditional study methods which I find didn’t adapt to the Internet revolution). The worst, though, is yet to come, and one is confronted with serious issues when first venturing into the real language. Chinese, in fact, hides a growing complexity, that unfolds as long as we progress into the language and this becomes evident when it comes to speaking idiomatic Chinese in a live and real context. To make a long story short, we often can’t apply a direct translation from our own language into Chinese (as we normally and unconsciously do with most of European languages). One should learn to express himself all over again, and, if necessary to learn certain expressions by heart.

* The issue of acquiring tones: the majority of the students who are confronted with tones tend to learn them the “traditional way”. They are told there are 4 tones, and they are shown graphics of how the tones are supposed to be pronounced. It seems logical to start this way - one builds the capacity to pronounce a given language  by deciphering the “bricks” that make up words and sentences. Imagine, though, to learn Italian, Spanish or French by starting to learn to utter every single syllable this way. The brain would spend a considerable amount of energy concentrating on the pieces, losing “the bigger picture”, and one would end up pronouncing a sentence robotically, far from the smoothness native speakers speak their language with. Very often, the difference is stressed between “tonal” and “non-tonal” languages, but it is not difficult to prove that the majority of languages (if not all) possess tones. What I suggest to all those who are about to tackle Chinese (and an entire post will be dedicated to this issue on my blog) or any other tonal language is to consider phrases, and try to focus on how the whole sentence sounds, rather than its single constituents. In other words, it is a “top-down” rather than the traditional “bottom up” approach.

As far as Russian is concerned, the main problem I encountered is the memorization of new words and the extremely complex structure: it is not an exaggeration to say that Russian is one of the most complex languages in the world from whatever perspective one might look at it, even from a Slavic language speaker one.

And finally, Swedish is the language that posed the most problems in terms of pronunciation: the way the Swedish language is “sung” is rather elusive and needs special care and attention. I remember I gave little importance to it at the beginning, and this lack of accuracy showed up some years later, when,  thanks to the feedback I got from the Internet, I realized that something was wrong in the way I uttered phrases. Obviously, it is much more challenging to close this gap and that’s the main reason why I’ll never get tired of stressing how important it is to acquire good pronunciation since the very beginning.

In general, if you start learning a new language, do you consider pronunciation to be important?

Yes I do. Pronunciation is an integral part of the language, it plays a huge role in communication, in building an empathy with your interlocutor, as well as creating a virtuous, motivational circle: native speaker’s surprise at your pronunciation is an enormous boost for improving yourself and keep learning the language.

The most critical moment for pronunciation always takes place at the beginning: learning how to “listen to” the sounds and reproduce them correctly and gradually is key to a good pronunciation. “A good start is half the battle” – they say.

Do you consciously concentrate and learn how to pronounce new sounds, especially vowels, or do you do it by feel?

Until a few years ago, I used to rely exclusively on my ears. I have always stressed the importance of creating a link between the sound and the corresponding word. I find it very useful to read and listen, especially at the beginning. Once this link is established, I only need to hear the sound, without having to read the text. Starting to produce those sounds myself “closes the circle”, thus providing the last piece of information I need in order to finally “hear” what I  wasn't able to hear before by simply listening.

Recently, however, I started to approach pronunciation and intonation more methodically. The language which I paid more attention to in terms of pronunciation is Chinese. It was the first time that I worked on pronunciation in a conscious, pragmatic way, and that's where the idea of my "Phonetic Analysis" came from, which I am now applying to Japanese.

Do you relate the sounds of a new language that you study to sounds you already know or try to develop a completely new sound register for it?

I think that, one way or another, we can always start from a point of reference, something we already know. What I try to do when I tackle new sounds is not taking anything for granted, and ask for native speakers' advice as soon as possible. Being given feedback is always important. However, as you learn more languages you build an even bigger repertoire of sounds, and everything becomes easier.

How do you go about learning vowels that do not exist in any of the languages you already know?

I have always approached the study of vowels “the traditional way”: by listening and repeating, possibly asking to a native speaker for feedback and correction. This “static” aspect of vowels, though, has never posed big problems.

I find the “dynamic” aspect of vowels to be the most difficult to both understand and produce. Without going to much into detail (which you can find on my blog and on a series of videos I published on the Internet), a “vocal shift” happens in every language,  something which is never taken into account in language courses or by teachers. The main reason of for this omission is probably the fact that the dynamics of a sentence is a rather complex matter not only to understand, but also to represent and, finally, to reproduce. Many deem it as “a waste of time”. When one starts learning, say, Italian, they are said that there are 5 vowels, but it is never stressed that every vowel is “sung” in a different way according to its position within the word and the sentence. This “vowel shift” is the main concept for grasping the intonation of every language. I take care of this aspect since the very beginning with the “Phonetic Analysis” mentioned earlier. It is often stressed how important it is to listen, but I think that one should learn how to do that. It is an important starting point, from which one can absorb the way a give language sounds.

If you find a new sound that you didn’t hear before, do you immediately recognize it, or does it happen often that some sounds have to be introduced to you as completely new, because you didn't notice them before?

I don't necessarily recognize a sound straight away. I can spot it as a new sound, of course, but it doesn't bother me that much if I can’t "hear" it. What I try to do is reproducing it in order to "close the circle". This recognition has its foundation in the mirror neurons, which is the main reason why the listening procedure consists of numerous steps: listening, listening again, and then repeating, and listening once again, according to a feedback scheme.

If you try to reproduce a new sound, do you consciously try finding the correct position of the tongue/vocal chords or do it by feel and concentrate purely on the sound itself?

To be honest, I never focused on vocal chords or the position of my tongue when uttering a sound. As I said before, I find the sound-word association to be much more efficient, both in retaining the word and the way it is pronounced. That is why I tend to always listen AND read a text at the same time. I focus exclusively on sounds only at a later stage, when the mind “sees” the image of the letter whenever it hears a given sound. I think that one of the secrets to acquiring good pronunciation is not to be in a rush to understand everything immediately, but to let the brain absorb sounds and words as long as we venture into “the language maze”.

Doesn’t the visual image of the letter in your mind interfere with a sound from a language you already know?

No, it generally doesn’t. This is probably due to the fact that I always try to learn one language at a time, and treat them as stand-alone entities. When I “think” and read “in” a given language, it seems like the brain uses only the area where that language is stored, and this prevents interference with other languages. This doesn’t mean that I never experience interference between languages, but this doesn’t seem to involve the sound-word link that I develop by listening and reading at the same time.

Can you hear all the new sounds immediately?

I “do” hear them, that is, my brain realizes that it is being confronted with a new sound, but it takes time to fully grasp the complexity of the sound itself. By “fully grasp” I mean that one also needs to be able to produce a given sound in order to fully understand how and why it sounds that way. For some sounds this “realization” might take a long time.

What makes a sound difficult for you? Is it the fact that it is so distant that you maybe even didn’t notice that it is different or is it the fact that you need a lot of “new movement” of your speech organs?

From my personal experience, I find certain consonants or clusters of consonants difficult when you need to use the tongue or the facial muscles (and the teeth) in a way you have never done before, so it mainly relies on using new organs (structures), so to say. As for the vowels, once again, it is the “new” usage of certain structures such as the glottis that makes things hard  (the Arabic “ain” or the german “glottis stroke” come to mind).

How about correction? Do you rely on yourself or others to correct your pronunciation?

Being corrected is a key factor for acquiring a native-like accent. The 4 main pillars my strategy hinges on are: flexibility, attention, curiosity and a big smile. In order to speak like a native speaker one not only needs to distinguish the sounds, but also to be flexible too. You should always wonder if what you produce with your mouth does actually corresponds to what you hear. That’s why it is important to be curious and flexible, other than reacting positively to possible criticism and/or judgment on the part of a native speaker. Asking somebody to evaluate our intonation and pronunciation can lead to disappointment if we set the bar too high. When we hear something we didn’t expect to hear, the best thing is always to consider the feedback extremely valuable, and a starting point for improvement. Positive mentality is key not only to acquiring a good accent in a language, but also to improving the way we lead our life in general. It is always great to react with a big, radiant smile... and move on.

What was the most difficult vowel that you encountered and why?

Again, I don’t recall having problems with reproducing vowels statically, but I did find some problems in figuring out the right configuration of tones when uttering a sentence. I have never formally learned Arabic, but I did try to utter the vowel “ain” a couple of times, and the result was not very pleasing. I think that I’ll give it my full attention if I decide to learn Arabic one day.

How about consonants?

Consonants are mechanical sounds by nature: intonation mainly relies on vowels. This simplifies things, because consonants do not “shift” in a sentence, they are always produced the same way. I learn them according to the aforementioned “feedback scheme”: I listen and repeat, I record my own voice and ask for a native speaker’s advice. And then I repeat again.

In general, I find consonants easier than vowels. There are obviously exceptions. A glaring example of how the sheer mechanical production of a consonant can be complicated is the “r”. It varies wildly from language to language. It posed some problems with Dutch. I finally realized the difference between the Dutch “r” and American “r” after posting my Dutch video in Youtube. Before then, I thought it was basically the same sound, while in fact it is slightly different, and the difference lies on a somewhat different position of the tongue. It is the demonstration that one can always improve, even after getting the sound wrong for years. The key word here is without a doubt flexibility.

What was the most difficult consonant that you encountered? Why?

I remember trying to pronounce the Czech “Ř” while on the car with Richard. I tried to copy his Czech R, but I found it rather difficult. Then he patiently explained to me how to put my tongue and how to use my teeth and I felt like I was improving. I think my brain “heard”, or “saw” the sound, but I also feel like the only way to fully grasp it is to try… and try again. As of now, I am not sure at all that I picked up the sound right, but I am “on the right track” and I hope to get a convincing Czech R if I was to learn this beautiful language in the future. Needless to say, it always takes time for the brain to absorb, understand and reproduce a sound due to their phonetic complexity.

You often talk about “sentence accent”, it is a complicated issue, but could you in general describe what it is, why it is important and how you learn it?

It is indeed a complex issue to deal with and describe, but it is fascinating and it is worth going into details. In the last year I have been wondering why it is so difficult for an adult to sound like a native speaker in a foreign language. I wondered what happens in our brain that impairs the quality of our oral production and if there is a way to “soften” this problem, if not to solve it.

Almost each and everyone of us knows the concept of “stress” within a word. The sentence accent is a less studied and known aspect of a language, and it is often only discussed in very specific academic publications. Every sentence has sentence accent, that means that the voice “falls” on one or more important words, that is why it is called “stress”: some words are the pillars a sentence hinges on and they condition they way all the vowels are “sung”.

To make a long story short, every language has its “musicality”: the voice raises, falls, stops. All this relies on vowels, which are pronounced with different heights (tones) and lengths (short or long vowels). As said before, tones can be applied to non tonal languages. Let’s consider the following sentence in Italian:

Mā          chě         stāi         fācěndó?

But          what        are you     doing?

What on hearth are you doing?

It seems that adamantly concentrating on the single syllables is folly: the system is too complex to be efficiently acquired on conscious way. In this regard, the “Phonetic Analysis” offers the main guidelines on how to understand how a sentence sounds. I use special markers to identify the main blocks within a speech, and I use other markers within the block to explain how to “sing” the block itself.

It is much easier to do it than to explain it, and it is a very pragmatic way to roughly represent how a sentence sounds. The first step towards reproducing a sentence is to figure out how it is produced.

In other words, through this “analysis” one becomes aware of what it means to “sing” a sentence correctly. It is an important starting point, to which I add a lot of listening at a lager stage: quantity + quality is always guarantee for success.

On a final note, I’d like to add that I don’t like selling miracles. It is a fact that most of the learners don’t reach a native-like pronunciation. But this doesn’t mean that it is not feasible. It only needs a lucky mix of ingredients, such attention, concentration, patience. And above all, faith. You have to believe in something if you want to reach it. An old Japanese saying goes: “A thousand mile track always starts by a first step”.

My language history

I was born in Kosice in South-east Slovakia, which at the time was Czechoslovakia. As our city is only 20 km away from the Hungarian border, a lot of people living in our city speak Hungarian to some extent and my mother, even though I was completely of Slovak origin, decided to put me into a Hungarian kindergarten to learn the language which I acquired as a secondary native one. Living in Czechoslovakia, we were constantly exposed to the Czech language as well, so by luck or chance, I grew up with three native languages (even though I didn't speak Czech until I was a student in Prague in 2007). I continued my studies at a Slovak elementary and later a secondary grammar school. At the age of eight I was sent to USA and at the age of 12 to Austria, learning both German and English almost to a native level that of a 15 year old American or Austrian/German child, which are both levels that I have sadly lost now.  

During my university studies I went to study abroad to the University of Bologna in Italy. All the courses and tests were in Italian and all foreign students had to learn Italian to a relatively high degree of proficiency (C1) so that they could pass exams that were in Italian. After my master's degree studies were over, I decided to go to Russia and study Russian. Since my mother tongue and Russian are closely related, learning Russian for a Slovak person is considerably easier than learning Italian or French for instance and I managed to learn it relatively well in a relatively short  amount of time. I do not sound native in Russian, but with a bit of practice I feel comfortable using it and expressing everything the way I want. Two other languages that I had the chance to learn to fluency are Spanish and French. The knowledge of Italian helped me with Spanish a lot and even though I don't think I speak Spanish particularly well, I have managed to learn it to that level in about 3 months during one summer in New York City. I used to learn French as a child and later picked it up when I was in university. As with Spanish, I don't think I speak it particularly well, compared to other languages I know, but I can read books, listen to radio news broadcasts and maintain a fluent conversation about almost anything I want. After Spanish I learned how to understand and read Portuguese, but I never really had a chance to practice speaking it and my knowledge of it is only passive.

After my stay in Russia, I enrolled into the department of Chinese studies at the Faculty of arts of the Charles University in Prague. I honestly have to say that I have never had to learn anything more difficult than Chinese and that maybe it is the only real foreign language that I have ever learned. After 5 and a half years of studies, I finally feel comfortable in it and manage to sound native.

While living in Taiwan I have been learning a little bit of Polish and Farsi, almost reaching a level in it them that I have in French, but somehow, my motivation has faded away. I really hope to be fluent in Farsi one day, because I find the sound of the language very beautiful as is the culture behind it. I have also been learning a little bit of Japanese and Romanian, but only for a few months and in a very relaxed way, so that maybe should not be even mentioned.

My interview on www.foreign-languages-guide.com

Not that I am such a narcissist that I would enjoy posting things other people wrote about me in my own blog, but since this is the only time ever anyone interviewed me and my first and only interview, I am a little proud of it :)

FLG: How many languages do you know and what are they?

Vladimir: When posed with this question, I always have a problem giving a good and objective answer and a one that doesn’t get boring after 20 seconds of explanation.

Unfortunately in order to be accurate, it is difficult to say how many languages one knows and what it means to actually know a language.

For someone knowing a few simple sentences or being able to conduct a simple conversation in a language means "knowing a language" and some people say that no matter how hard or how long you study, you can simply never know a foreign language well enough, since there is always space for improvement.

It is also difficult to say how well one speaks the language itself and there is no impartial way to determine that. Some people are great with language tests but fail when it comes to real life discussions, some speak with native accents but cannot read books or they commit frequent grammar errors and have limited vocabulary and expressions.

I used to joke and say, that if one can pass a university oral and written exam in a foreign language (but not from the language itself, but from history, philosophy or something similar), then he must undoubtedly know the language quite well.

If viewed upon from this perspective I think (and hope) I could do this in 6-7 languages - Slovak, Czech, English, German, Italian, Russian and Hungarian.

I feel (or felt) very comfortable using these languages to communicate, and felt almost no difference as to whether I was using my native language or the foreign one.

A lower level of fluency for me is, when I can use the given language to communicate relatively fluently, without the need to switch into a third language, read books without a dictionary but not necessarily understand 95% of the words and be able to understand a wide range of audio material from everyday speech and movies to news on the radio. I am able to use Mandarin, French and Spanish this way.

So the languages in which I feel more or less comfortable are Slovak, Czech, English, German, Italian, Russian, Hungarian, Mandarin, French and Spanish.

I can read and listen to different material in Portuguese (news, novels) well enough to be able to enjoy the information without struggling with the language, but I cannot speak it.

I have a very good passive oral and written understanding of Polish, but I can’t speak as well. Recently I have been trying to listen to Romanian audio books and I can follow 30 to 60 percent of the material.

Other languages that I have more or less tried to study are Persian, Dutch, Croatian and a very small bit of Japanese.

I am only human so I of course forget a lot if I’m not exposed to the language as is the case with Hungarian or Spanish. My writing capabilities are the weakest and I do a lot of mistakes.

To take advantage of the reasoning I mentioned earlier, I could probably

write a university masters thesis only in Slovak, Czech, English and German.

FLG: When did you start learning foreign languages?

Vladimir: I started with English when I was 8.

FLG: How did you learn foreign languages?

Vladimir: In many different ways ranging from natural immersion or reading books to a lot of audio input and dedicated studies.

FLG: What do you think is the most effective method to learn a foreign language?

Vladimir: I think there is no one "perfect" way.

Every individual is different and what works for me might not work for the next person. I found high audio and reading input combined with systematic vocabulary memorization, grammar studies and pronunciation training the best preparation for the following immersion in the country where the language is spoken.

Once in the country, I was trying to spend as much time as possible with native speakers, take notes whenever I learned a new expression and review everything in the evening.

Passion and good spirit are also extremely important. When it comes to motivation, I only study what I feel like studying at the given moment.

FLG: What do you recommend for learning a foreign language?

Vladimir: As I said, it depends on the person.

FLG: How often do you study a foreign language and how?

Vladimir: I try not to push myself and keep it fun. I try to do something every day, listen to news, audio books, read or chat with friends. If there is a trip to the foreign country in sight, I try to study more seriously.

FLG: Why did you want to learn a foreign language? And in particular these languages?

Vladimir: This is my luck, but I had the opportunity to live in different countries when I was younger, so learning was always great pleasure, since I barely noticed it.

Later I was trying to be really good at something I guess, since I really enjoyed learning and speaking foreign languages. It was always great pleasure to become a part of the society of a country I was living in and it still is.

FLG: How do you use the languages that you learned? At work or do you practice with native speakers? Or in other ways?

Vladimir: It is very difficult to at least attempt to maintain the knowledge of a language, but luckily not that difficult to regain.

I sometimes work as a freelance translator between Slovak and English. Other languages I use and practice in different ways. (chatting with friends, reading books, watching movies or television ect.)

FLG: Do have any particular experiences or interesting stories that you would like to share relating to foreign languages? Or any things that you think are important for other people to know about learning other languages?

Vladimir: Experiences are too many to mention :-) and things to know again depend from person to person.

FLG: Have you traveled in other countries and if so, how has your knowledge of so many languages helped you in everyday life or to understand other cultures?

Vladimir: I’ve lived in 9 different countries and traveled through most of Europe, but unfortunately only a small part of USA.

Language in my opinion along with literature and music is the most enjoyable and best way to understand a different culture, I did not learn the languages for the sake of learning, it always went hand in hand with affection and admiration for the country, its culture and people.

FLG: Do you have any advice for the readers about studying many languages?

Vladimir: Every person is different and everyone has different motives.

I encourage all those learners who don’t view language learning as a matter of simple item selection in a supermarket and those that do not push themselves for the sake of a higher amount of languages they know.

I encourage those who see that there is a culture with real people (which is equally important) behind the language they are about to study and maybe let the language choose them and make it an enjoyable experience.

FLG: Lastly, anything else that you would like to share with the readers?

Vladimir: I would like to thank for the opportunity to participate in this project. As I think there are a lot more accomplished polyglots than me, I only wanted to share my point of view and not give universal advice.